Micrometeorites and undetectable bits of space junk (0.4 mm small) pose serious threats to every current and future manned space mission. The particles could travel in as fast 12 miles per second, with enough momentum to melt and vaporize aluminum spacecraft skin. To detect and find small holes, astronauts use handheld ultrasonic devices, such as directional microphones, which is a very time-consuming process. NASA scientists seek other solutions to focus on new wireless technologies that can spot tiny leaks by tracking vibrations across a spacecraft’s metal skin.

“There is turbulence as the air spreads in the vacuum and that reacts against the plate at the edge of the hole”, said Dale Chimenti, a professor at Iowa State University who was developing the inch-long sensors for NASA.

The sensors would stud the inside of the shell of a spacecraft, providing mission controllers a faster way to locate leaks before problems arise. Multiple instruments will be needed to safeguard and protect the entire spacecraft and triangulate the signals to pinpoint a location. The technology may not be funded for use in the International Space Station or shuttle fleet, but interest from future space programs is high. Earthbound applications include monitoring pipelines and pressurized oil tankers.